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## Copyright (c) 2013-2017, Marek Gagolewski and other contributors.
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#' @title
#' Count the Number of Bytes
#'
#' @description
#' Counts the number of bytes needed to store
#' each string in computer's memory.
#'
#' @details
#' This is often not the function you would normally use
#' in your string processing activities. See rather \code{\link{stri_length}}.
#'
#' For 8-bit encoded strings, this is the same as \code{\link{stri_length}}.
#' For UTF-8 strings, the returned values may be greater
#' than the number of code points, as UTF-8 is not a fixed-byte encoding:
#' one code point may be encoded by 1-4 bytes
#' (according to the current Unicode standard).
#'
#' Missing values are handled properly,
#' as opposed to the built-in \code{\link{nchar}(str, "bytes")} function call.
#'
#' The strings do not need to be re-encoded to perform this operation.
#'
#' The returned values does not of course include the trailing NUL bytes,
#' which are used internally to mark the end of string data (in C).
#'
#' @param str character vector or an object coercible to
#'
#' @return Returns an integer vector of the same length as \code{str}.
#'
#' @examples
#' stri_numbytes(letters)
#' stri_numbytes(c('abc', '123', '\u0105\u0104'))
#'
#' \dontrun{
#' # this used to fail on Windows, as there was no native support for 4-bytes
#' # Unicode characters; see, however, stri_escape_unicode():
#' stri_numbytes('\U7fffffff') # compare stri_length('\U7fffffff')
#' }
#'
#' @export
#' @family length
stri_numbytes <- function(str) {
   .Call(C_stri_numbytes, str)
}


#' @title
#' Count the Number of Code Points
#'
#' @description
#' This function returns the number of code points
#' in each string.
#'
#' @details
#' Note that the number of code points is
#' not the same as the `width` of the string when
#' printed on the screen.
#'
#' If a given string is in UTF-8 and  has not been properly normalized
#' (e.g. by \code{\link{stri_trans_nfc}}), the returned counts may sometimes be
#' misleading. See \code{\link{stri_count_boundaries}} for a method to count
#' \emph{Unicode characters}. Moreover, if an incorrect UTF-8 byte sequence is detected,
#' then a warning is generated and the corresponding output element
#' is set to \code{NA}, see also \code{\link{stri_enc_toutf8}} for a method
#' to deal with such cases.
#'
#' Missing values are handled properly,
#' as opposed to the built-in \code{\link{nchar}} function.
#' For `byte` encodings we get, as usual, an error.
#'
#' @param str character vector or an object coercible to
#' @return Returns an integer vector of the same length as \code{str}.
#'
#' @examples
#' stri_length(LETTERS)
#' stri_length(c('abc', '123', '\u0105\u0104'))
#' stri_length('\u0105') # length is one, but...
#' stri_numbytes('\u0105') # 2 bytes are used
#' stri_numbytes(stri_trans_nfkd('\u0105')) # 3 bytes here but...
#' stri_length(stri_trans_nfkd('\u0105')) # ...two code points (!)
#' stri_count_boundaries(stri_trans_nfkd('\u0105'), type="character") # ...and one Unicode character
#'
#' @export
#' @family length
stri_length <- function(str) {
   .Call(C_stri_length, str)
}


#' @title
#' Determine if a String is of Length Zero
#'
#' @description
#' This is the fastest way to find out
#' whether the elements of a character vector are empty strings.
#'
#' @details
#' Missing values are handled properly,
#' as opposed to the built-in \code{\link{nzchar}} function.
#'
#' @param str character vector or an object coercible to
#' @return Returns a logical vector of the same length as \code{str}.
#'
#' @examples
#' stri_isempty(letters[1:3])
#' stri_isempty(c(',', '', 'abc', '123', '\u0105\u0104'))
#' stri_isempty(character(1))
#'
#' @export
#' @family length
stri_isempty <- function(str) {
   .Call(C_stri_isempty, str)
}


#' @title
#' Determine the Width of Code Points
#'
#' @description
#' Approximates the number of text columns the `cat()` function
#' should utilize to print a string with a monospaced font.
#'
#' @details
#' The Unicode standard does not formalize the notion of a character
#' width. Roughly basing on \url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c}
#' and the UAX #11 we proceed as follows.
#' The following code points are of width 0:
#' \itemize{
#' \item code points with general category (see \link{stringi-search-charclass})
#' \code{Me}, \code{Mn}, and \code{Cf}),
#' \item \code{C0} and \code{C1} control codes (general category \code{Cc})
#' - for compatibility with the \code{\link{nchar}} function,
#' \item Hangul Jamo medial vowels and final consonants
#' (code points with enumerable property \code{UCHAR_HANGUL_SYLLABLE_TYPE}
#' equal to \code{U_HST_VOWEL_JAMO} or \code{U_HST_TRAILING_JAMO};
#' note that applying the NFC normalization with \code{\link{stri_trans_nfc}}
#' is encouraged),
#' \item ZERO WIDTH SPACE (U+200B),
#' }
#' Characters with the \code{UCHAR_EAST_ASIAN_WIDTH} enumerable property
#' equal to \code{U_EA_FULLWIDTH} or \code{U_EA_WIDE} are
#' of width 2.
#' SOFT HYPHEN (U+00AD) (for compatibility with \code{\link{nchar}})
#' as well as any other characters have width 1.
#'
#' @param str character vector or an object coercible to
#' @return Returns an integer vector of the same length as \code{str}.
#'
#' @examples
#' stri_width(LETTERS[1:5])
#' nchar(stri_trans_nfkd("\u0105"), "width") # provides incorrect information
#' stri_width(stri_trans_nfkd("\u0105"))
#' stri_width( # Full-width equivalents of ASCII characters:
#'    stri_enc_fromutf32(as.list(c(0x3000, 0xFF01:0xFF5E)))
#' )
#' stri_width(stri_trans_nfkd("\ubc1f")) # includes Hangul Jamo medial vowels and final consonants
#' @export
#' @family length
#'
#' @references
#' \emph{East Asian Width} -- Unicode Standard Annex #11,
#' \url{http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr11/}
stri_width <- function(str) {
   .Call(C_stri_width, str)
}
